Spain

Q1. Have the Member States reviewed their legislation, policies and learning frameworks to ensure that they are aligned with the recommendations, principles and guidance?

Educa en digital (2020-2024) Initiative to support the transformation and digitisation of the education system. The plan has 4 axes: provision of devices and connectivity, provision of digital educational resources: applications and content, training and digital teaching skills, application of AI to personalised education.
National Digital Skills Plan: The Plan aims to boost digital skills and inclusion, creating quality jobs and reducing unemployment while closing gender, social, and regional divides. Key actions include a national digital training network, free online courses, and targeted support for vulnerable groups. It promotes women’s STEM education, integrates digital skills into school and university curricula, and offers flexible lifelong learning programs. Public sector employees receive digital training to support modernisation, and SMEs are encouraged to adopt digital tools. Specialised ICT training initiatives focus on attracting and retaining digital talent in Spain.
Education Law reform (Ley Orgánica de Modificación de la Ley Orgánica de Educación de 2006) (LOMLOE) (2020): reintroduces citizenship education as a compulsory topic in formal education while acknowledging DCE. “The educational system will guarantee the full insertion of students in the digital society and the learning of responsible consumption and a critical and safe use of digital media, respectful of human dignity, social justice and environmental sustainability, constitutional values, fundamental rights and, particularly, respect and guarantee of personal and family privacy and the protection of personal data.
Youth Strategy 2030. Under topic 4, Integral health and quality of life, the strategy highlights internet addiction, addiction to social networks, problems related to cyberbullying, sexting and grooming and defines Objective 4.6: Promote comprehensive digital competences and prevent behavioural addictions and grooming of young people and prevent behavioural addictions and online violence.
Spain Digital 2026. Spain Digital 2026 builds on the prior agenda to drive economic growth, digital inclusion, and social cohesion through advanced technology. The strategy emphasizes universal high-speed internet, full 5G deployment by 2026, robust cybersecurity, and a shift toward a data-driven economy. A key focus is digital education: enhancing digital literacy, workforce skills, and ensuring equal access to digital training, with goals for gender parity in tech fields. Additionally, the roadmap supports public sector digitalisation, SME transformation, and regional tech initiatives through PERTE and RETECH projects, leveraging EU funds to boost digital advancement nationwide.

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Q2. Have the Member States promoted the implementation of the Recommendation in formal, non-formal and informal education settings?

Educa en digital (2020-2024): Provision of free courses by the National Institute of Educational Technologies and Teacher Training (INTEF). INTEF has multiple initiatives around digital training, one of its projects is the classroom of the future which seeks to explore the methodological possibilities given by the use of technology to improve educational quality 7 February 2023, more than 4,000 schools and 81,300 pupils participated in the free online workshops developed in collaboration with the INTEF.
National Plan for Digital Skills: National network of digital training centres, Free Mass Access Online Offering (MOOCs).
LOMLOE: Guidelines, webinars, training for teachers
Youth Strategy 2030: Presentation video, webinars
Observatory of educational technology (online resources).
INTEF awareness raising activities. INTEF has developed training initiatives to support families in guiding children’s digital growth, aligning with Organic Law 3/2018 on digital rights. Partnering with the AEPD, INCIBE, and the FAD Youth Foundation, INTEF offers free NOOCs—short, interactive Nano Open Online Courses that include digital badges—and SPOOCs, which are Self-Paced Open Online Courses without time limits that provide forum support but do not award badges. These courses cover digital competencies in five areas: information management, online communication, content creation, safety, and problem-solving. Additional resources, such as videos, articles, and cybersecurity guides, help families support their children’s digital learning and development.
Chaval.es programme (from entity red.es: informs, through educational and entertainment content, of the dangers which young people are exposed to in the digital medium, involving the parents in the awareness process).
Project You decide on the Internet (intended for young people and their parents and teachers to raise awareness about the importance of making good use of the Internet.).
Screen Friends Initiative (promotes the safe use of new technologies in childhood and adolescence, they put awareness and prevention campaigns in place in collaboration with multiple public institutions).
INCIBE, the Spanish Institute for Cybersecurity, through the Centre for Security on the Internet for Minors “Internet Segura for Kids” (IS4K), implements the European Strategy for Better Internet for Kids (BIK+). On 6^th February 2024 IS4K organised celebrations and learning activities under the general motto “Joined together for a better internet”.
Pact for Generation D. The Pact for Generation D, an initiative by the Spanish Government, aims to foster digital inclusion by providing a platform for social agents, associations, companies, foundations, and media to showcase their initiatives and events. It raises societal awareness on supporting projects that address digital divides, ensuring digital competency across all segments. The Pact also focuses on training citizens in essential digital and job-related skills, advancing digital transformation in SMEs (particularly for executives and employees needing upskilling), and aligning workforce skills with industry demands through talent programmes. Additionally, it encourages collaboration across government levels to reduce digital divides and promotes lifelong learning and certification of digital competencies.
Online Teacher Training Courses 2024. On April 26, 2024, Spain’s Ministry of Education announced 6,750 spots for 14 online training courses for teachers through the National Institute of Educational Technologies and Teacher Training (INTEF). This single-edition programme focuses on enhancing teachers’ scientific, pedagogical, and didactic skills to improve school operations and community engagement. Among the offerings, a course trains teachers as Well-being and Protection Coordinators, as required by Organic Law 8/2021, equipping them to identify, prevent, and address violence against children, fostering safe and supportive school environments.

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Q3. Have the Member States assessed the impact of the legislation and policies implementing the Recommendation at regular intervals?

Educa en digital (2020-2024): In order to enable the Parties to evaluate the development of the actions, Red.es will monitor the projects covered by this Agreement, without prejudice to the powers of the Autonomous Communities. It establishes set of indicators.
National Plan for Digital Skills: Establishment of indicators. Digital Hub of Skills will be in charge. Both strategies 1. and 2. continuously update the indicators proposed, but have not carried out a comprehensive evaluation yet.
LOMLOE: Implementation action plan. The implementation timeline of the LOMLOE in Spain began immediately upon its enactment in December 2020, focusing initially on regulatory development to specify operational details. It follows a phased approach to introduce reforms gradually, encompassing curriculum updates, inclusive education enhancements, digital integration, and equity measures. The competence-based curricula from Infant to Upper Secondary education, which include citizenship competence and digital competence, completed its implementation in 2023-2024 academic year. There is continuous assessment. In the 2024-2025 academic year, a pilot will be conducted to assess both students’ multilingual and digital competences. Based on the analysis of the results from these pilots, tests for four competencies will be developed, ensuring they meet appropriate psychometric standards and accurately describe different levels of competency development. This evaluation will not only provide insights into the current state of the educational system but also help identify trends and supply valuable information to guide educational policy decisions. Additionally, it will provide useful materials for teachers, such as test models and released items. Regarding the monitoring process, several models of units and items will soon be published in digital format on the website of the National Institute for Educational Evaluation. These resources will allow the educational community to familiarize themselves with the types of tests that will be proposed in future evaluations, as this evaluation will be carried out digitally. 
Youth Strategy 2030: To fulfil objective 4.6, the strategy defines an action plan that includes: Implement the ‘Plan for Connectivity’, elaborate and develop an educational strategy for the prevention of all forms of online violence, elaborate and develop a strategy for the prevention of pathological gambling and for the healthy and safe use of the internet and new technologies with the aim of for the healthy and safe use of the Internet and new technologies with a comprehensive youth perspective, among others. INJUVE, in partnership with the ministry of social rights and 2030 agenda, coordinates the strategy. Implementation started in 2021, in 2024 the intermediate evaluation report will be published. Establishment of indicators. Evaluation report will be published in 2024.
Report on the progress of the “Digital Spain 2026” plan. The “Digital Spain 2026” progress report highlights digital transformation as a key driver of innovation, economic modernisation, and social progress, reshaping business, labour, and global relations, especially post-COVID-19. This shift brings challenges and opportunities, requiring a strategic approach to secure positive, lasting impacts. Spain is well-prepared, with strong digital infrastructure, advanced public administration, an adaptable society, and a supportive environment for investment and start-ups. Guided by the “Digital Spain” agenda, backed by Recovery Plan and EU funds, the strategy focuses on advancing infrastructure and technology, boosting the digital economy, and fostering digital skills and inclusion for all citizens.

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Q4. Have the relevant stakeholders been involved in the design of DCE legislation and policies at the country level?

Educa en digital (2020-2024): The Survey on Equipment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Households carried out by the National Institute of Statistics in 2019.
National Plan for Digital Skills: No information
The LOMLOE is the result of a broad participatory process: more than 43,000 emails received in a first consultation phase; a number of meetings held by the Education Sectorial Conference – the highest educational representatives of the autonomous communities; significant contributions received from most of the autonomous communities, the regional school councils and various ministries and bilateral or multilateral meetings held with a hundred of associations from the educational world.
Youth Strategy 2030: Public consultation in five phases, first consultation with ministries and the youth European council and second consultation with civil society (8 thematic expert groups). Then they encouraged an open dialogue with the youth. In the fourth phase they sent the proposals to the ministries and in the fitfh phase they engaged in consultations with the autonomous communities.

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Q5. Have the relevant stakeholders been involved in the implementation of DCE legislation and policies?

Educa en digital (2020-2024): No information has been found
National Plan for Digital Skills: The Ministries responsible for different digital skills thematic segmentations and various target groups will supervise the implementation of the projects and measures put forward in the Plan. Each responsible Ministry operates within the framework of its sectoral arrangements with the Autonomous Communities – via agreements and other instruments of public-private collaboration. (does not specify). Digital Skills Hub will be in charge of implementation.
LOMLOE: Schools, teachers, families, ministries, autonomous communities
Youth Strategy 2030: yes, the strategy presents several coordination mechanisms, including coordination with civil society and the youth associative movement.

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Q6. Have the relevant stakeholders been involved in the evaluation of DCE legislation and policies?

Educa en digital (2020-2024): No information has been found
National Plan for Digital Skills: Evaluation will be published in 2024. However, the evaluation ensures that: The monitoring and evaluation system foresees the creation of spaces for participation and information on the progress made in the planned actions that allow young people to take ownership of the process and familiarise themselves with the the design of youth policies.
LOMLOE: Two evaluations have been conducted: overall system evaluation and diagnostic evaluation
Youth Strategy 2030: No information

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Q7. Have the Member States supported the creation of frameworks for cooperation between public, private and civil society actors and education institutions?

Samsung Smart School Strategy (collaboration with INTEF and the Ministry of Education. Samsung Smart School initiative is a partnership co-ordinated by Samsung Spain and INTEF for Spanish primary schools, where mobile devices are deployed in selected primary schools, and their usage and effect monitored in order to measure the impact of the technology and improve its effectiveness. (This project ended in the course 2021-2022).
‘digital skills hub’ is set up as a public-private as a public-private institutional associative body in the field of e-skills, which will guide the implementation of this digital skills, which will act as a guide in the implementation of this National e-Skills Plan.
INCIBE (in charge of Spanish Safe Internet Centre): Public-private collaboration through initiatives such as the AEI Ciberseguridad y Tecnologías Avanzadas, the International Information Security Meeting, ENISE or the CyberCamp talent promotion meeting.
Profuturo. Partnership between Telefonica & La Caixa.
Fundación Vodafone: ‘Future classroom project’.
Telefonica & Microsoft: Educa 365: digitalisation of schools.
The Spanish Association for the Prevention of School Harassment (A.E.P.A.E.).
At Iniciativas – Generación D (generaciond.gob.es) there are many initiatives, some examples are Fundación Accenture and Cruz Roja.
Aid Against Drug Addiction Foundation (FAD) The collaboration aims to establish a framework to plan and develop joint actions on educational topics such as the development of critical thinking through media literacy, the improvement of school coexistence and the promotion of health and healthy living habits in the school environment.

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Q8. Have the Member States ensured that the cooperation frameworks between stakeholders align with standards for equitable quality education?

Samsung Smart School is partner of a broader framework agreement between Samsung and UNESCO.

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https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-and-samsung-announce-partnership

Q9. Have the Member States been involved in cooperation between the Council of Europe and international organisations in designing and implementing strategies, policies, programmes and research on DCE?

Member of DCE promoters network
Member of EU Media literacy expert group
Member of Working Group of the European Education Area strategic framework (European Commission) on Digital Education: Learning, Teaching and Assessment (DELTA)
Member of Global Education Network (GENE)
Member of Commission Expert group on Safer Internet for Children.
Participation in the main international governance initiatives and fora on fundamental rights and their protection in the digital field, including the fundamental rights and their protection in the digital sphere, such as the “Roadmap for Digital Cooperation and Implementation of the cooperation and implementation of the recommendations of the UN High Level Panel on Digital Cooperation” on human rights.
Member of IBERIFIER – Iberian digital media research and fact-checking hub
Member of Commission Working group on Schools

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7. https://iberifier.eu/

Additional questions on the DCE Recommendation

Training on DCE to teachers and other professionals:
INITIAL

Initial training in Digital Citizenship Education (DCE) falls under the responsibility of universities. As institutions that prepare future educators and professionals, universities play a critical role in equipping students with the skills and knowledge necessary to teach and promote DCE.

IN-SERVICE

INTEF (National Institute of Educational Technologies and Teacher Training) offers professional development programs for teachers aimed at enhancing their digital competence. As part of this training, a key focus is placed on Digital Citizenship Education (DCE), ensuring that educators are equipped to foster responsible and critical use of digital technologies in the classroom. In addition to the programs provided by INTEF, the autonomous communities across Spain also offer their own training initiatives, which likewise emphasize the development of Digital Citizenship Education. wAll the autonomous communities have their own initiatives related to teacher training on Digital Competence, which includes training on DCE. wIn relation to the National Digital Competence Plan, one of its general objectives was to guarantee the acquisition of digital competencies by teachers and students at all levels of the educational system. A total of 18,875 training activities on teacher digital competence have been carried out, with DCE being part of the competence in Developing Student Digital Competence.

Translation and dissemination of DCE Recommendation:

The Digital Agendas (Digital Spain 2020, 2025 and 2026) emphasise the importance of digital literacy and education, including the development of Digital Citizenship Education (DCE) as a key element for empowering citizens in the digital era. The communication of DCE-related policies and recommendations has been integrated into government-led programs, public-private collaborations, and educational reforms. Various channels have been used, including official publications, educational programs, and collaboration with digital education stakeholders, ensuring that the DCE principles reach schools, educational institutions, and civil society organizations.  

In this way, the government’s actions ensure that the DCE framework is promoted and implemented across various sectors, contributing to the broader objective of fostering a digitally inclusive society. 

Some initiatives, among others, that directly related to DCE Recommendation of the Council of Europe were: 

ETwinning projects developed in the eTwinning platform devoted to Digital Citizenship. These activities are directly connected to European School Education Platform initiative on Digital citizenship that is based on Council of Europe DCE handbook. 

Course: Digital Citizenship, Citizenship and Digital Identity: Build a proper digital identity and navigate the internet safely. 

Book: Citizenship and Digital Identity 

TV programme: La Aventura del Saber: Digital Citizenship 

MANIFESTO TO PROMOTE DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP. Signed on May 17, 2023

Generation D: 

Digital skills self-assessment questionnaire for citizens

Pact for Generation D:

Raise awareness in society on how to support projects and initiatives aimed at overcoming digital divides

Train citizens in transversal digital skills and for employment

Promote the certification of performance levels in digital skills.

tuCertiCyL: tuCertiCyL is a certification of digital skills for citizens of Castilla y León promoted by the Junta de Castilla y León. This certification is based on the European digital competence framework published by the Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Union.

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