Estonia

1. Education Strategy 2021-2035 encompasses citizenship competences and digital competences among the key general competences to be obtained. It includes the goal to develop digital literacy. 
2. The Estonia Digital Agenda 2030 mentions abiding to the principles of the respect of fundamental rights, maintaining reliable technology and building a digital society together. It mentions the need to ensure the digital literacy of the entire Estonian population by 2030 (among others to be able to use digital public services). The Digital Agenda 2030 Implementation Plan focuses on improving digital infrastructure, accessibility, and skills, ensuring that all citizens can engage with digital technologies effectively and responsibly. 
3. The 2019-2020 AI Strategy introduced the topic of AI in the digital skills curriculum in general education schools, with the aim of giving students an overview of the technologies and capabilities of AI 
4. Cybersecurity Strategy 2019–2022: emphasizes the importance of educating citizens about cybersecurity, responsible online behaviour, and the ethical use of digital technologies. It includes initiatives to integrate cybersecurity topics into educational curricula at all levels. 
5. Media and Information Literacy Development Plan: addresses key components of digital citizenship by teaching individuals how to critically evaluate online content, understand the influence of media, and participate responsibly in digital spaces. 
6. Digital Focus Programme (Digiriigi Tippkeskus) 2020–2023: aims to enhance digital skills among educators and students, promoting the integration of advanced digital tools and methodologies in teaching and learning processes. 
7. Estonian Lifelong Learning Strategy Updates: encourages continuous development of digital skills among citizens of all ages, supporting lifelong learning in digital literacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving in digital contexts. 
8. National Curriculum Revisions (implemented in September 2024): incorporates digital competencies across subjects, emphasizing responsible use of technology, online safety, and participation in the digital society.  

Sources

1. https://www.hm.ee/en/ministry/ministry/strategic-planning-2021-2035#documents
2. https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2022-04/Digi%C3%BChiskonna%20arengukava_ENG.pdf
3. https://www.kratid.ee/_files/ugd/980182_8d0df96fd41145739dff2595e0ab3e8d.pdf
4. https://www.mkm.ee/media/703/download
5. Online survey with national authorities
6. Online survey with national authorities
7. Online survey with national authorities
8. Online survey with national authorities

For all the initiatives 1., 2. and 3. identified above: 

The Ministry of Education had established several national nonprofit foundations to support implementation of its policies (the Innove Foundation, responsible for specific tasks within general and vocational education, such as administering national assessments, and the Information Technology Foundation for Estonia (HITSA), which promotes the development and use of technology skills in education) which were consolidated in 2020 under the Education and Youth Authority. 

Other initiative beyond the above strategies: 

1. The Estonian Safer Internet Centre (SIC) runs the Safer Internet Day and promotes the positive and safe use of digital tools. 
2. National Digital Literacy Campaigns: the Estonian government has launched nationwide campaigns to enhance digital literacy among citizens. These campaigns focus on safe internet usage, protecting personal data, and understanding digital rights and responsibilities. 
3. Educational Technology Conferences: Annual conferences bring together educators, policymakers, and tech experts to discuss the integration of digital tools in education and promote best practices in DCE. 
4. Cybersecurity Awareness Initiatives in co-operation with cybersecurity firms conduct awareness campaigns to educate the public about cyber threats and safe online behaviours. These initiatives often coincide with international events like Cyber Security Month.  
5. CyberOlympics (Küberolümpia) Estonia: a national cybersecurity competition (led by Tallinn University of Technology) is aimed at students to raise awareness and interest in cybersecurity. It organizes competitions and training sessions to develop participants’ skills in cybersecurity and safe digital practices.

Sources

1., 2., 3., https://harno.ee/en  

a) https://www.targaltinternetis.ee/  

b) to e) Online survey with national authorities  

1. 1. A steering committee evaluates progress towards the objectives of the Education Strategy 2021-2035. The Steering Committee makes recommendations for the initiation, modification and termination of programmes, relying in these decisions on the performance reports linked to the Strategy, and assesses the modification and termination of the Strategy. The implementation of the Strategy will be reported on a programme-by-programme basis within the framework of performance reporting and through needs-based evaluations. The achievement of the goals of the Strategy is evaluated at least twice during the period of implementation of the Strategy, including a final mid-term evaluation not later than three years before the end of the Strategy. One indicator mentioned in the Strategy is ‘Share of 16–24 year olds with digital skills above the basic level’. 
2. Estonia’s Digital Agenda 2030 uses 4 metrics to measure progress against its targets: satisfaction of private persons with public digital services, satisfaction of entrepreneurs with public digital services, availability of high speed Internet, resilience and trustworthiness of cyberspace, and then different metrics on digital government, connectivity and on cybersecurity. The strategy is planned to be reviewed twice and potentially updated subsequently. The first update is foreseen in 2024, and the second in 2027. 
3. 2019-2020 AI Strategy: A steering group led by MKM and consisting of representatives of government agencies and key stakeholders will monitor the implementation of the AI strategy, including discuss and plan for additional actions upon need. Once a year, an overview of implementation of the strategy will be presented to e-Estonia Council (the governmental committee overseeing digital society development). Beyond these strategies: European Union Assessments: Estonia participates in EU-wide assessments like the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI); OECD Reports: the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) publishes reports on education and digital skills, which include evaluations of Estonia’s strategies. 

Sources

1. https://www.hm.ee/en/ministry/ministry/strategic-planning-2021-2035#documents  
2. https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2022-04/Digi%C3%BChiskonna%20arengukava_ENG.pdf  
3. https://www.kratid.ee/_files/ugd/980182_8d0df96fd41145739dff2595e0ab3e8d.pdf  a) https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/de b) https://gpseducation.oecd.org/CountryProfile?primaryCountry=EST 

1. The Education Strategy 2021–2035 is based on studies and analyses, vision documents prepared by experts, the Estonia 2035 Strategy, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the results of the work of the education strategy working groups, feedback and input gathered through public consultations and engagement events, and the results of the Estonian Lifelong Learning Strategy 2020 and its mid-term evaluation. 
2. Estonia’s Digital Agenda 2030: The Steering group of the Digital Agenda, headed by the minister responsible for digital development, is responsible for: discussing and approving the development plan and its amendments to forward them to the government; monitoring and guiding the implementation of the development plan at the level of the vision and the fields, and directing the cooperation within a field, where necessary; discussing the focal points of the programme every year, approving the programme, discussing and approving changes on an ongoing basis, where necessary.
3. The AI strategy was based on proposals from an expert group led by Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications (MKM) and Government Office  

Sources

1. https://www.hm.ee/en/ministry/ministry/strategic-planning-2021-2035#documents  
2. https://www.kratid.ee/_files/ugd/980182_8d0df96fd41145739dff2595e0ab3e8d.pdf  

1. The implementation of the Education Strategy is coordinated by the Ministry of Education and Research, supported by a broad-based steering committee. The steering committee is composed of representatives of the Ministry of Education and Research, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Rural Affairs, the Ministry of the Interior, the Government Office, the Estonian National Youth Council, the Estonian Language Council, the Estonian Chamber of Disabled People, the Association of Estonian Cities and Municipalities, the Estonian Employers’ Confederation, the Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund, the Estonian Trade Union Confederation and up to seven experts in the field. At the programme level, ministries, local authorities, organisations representing employers and employees, professional and trade associations, school and university teachers, learners, education NGOs and interest groups, etc. will contribute to the implementation of the Strategy in accordance with the Strategy and its programme. 
2. A steering committee led by the Ministry in charge of digital development and including the Ministries of Economy, Education, Justice, the Government office, representatives of the Association of Information Technology and Telecommunications and the Association of Estonian Cities and Municipalities; the directors general of the Information System Authority and the Consumer Protection and Technical Regulatory Authority; non-governmental expert(s) in the field of digital society development is in charge of the implementation of the Digital Agenda.  
3. The Government CIO Office and Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications are in charge of the implementation of the AI strategy, and a steering group led by MKM and consisting of representatives of government agencies and key stakeholders coordinate the implementation of the AI strategy

Sources

1. https://www.hm.ee/en/ministry/ministry/strategic-planning-2021-2035#documents  
2. https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2022-04/Digi%C3%BChiskonna%20arengukava_ENG.pdf  
3. https://www.kratid.ee/_files/ugd/980182_8d0df96fd41145739dff2595e0ab3e8d.pdf  

1. The steering committee supporting the evaluation of the Education strategy is composed of representatives of the Ministry of Education and Research, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Rural Affairs, the Ministry of the Interior, the Government Office, the Estonian National Youth Council, the Estonian Language Council, the Estonian Chamber of Disabled People, the Association of Estonian Cities and Municipalities, the Estonian Employers’ Confederation, the Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund, the Estonian Trade Union Confederation and up to seven experts in the field. 
2. A steering committee led by the Ministry in charge of digital development and including the Ministries of Economy, Education, Justice, the Government office, representatives of the Association of Information Technology and Telecommunications and the Association of Estonian Cities and Municipalities; the directors general of the Information System Authority and the Consumer Protection and Technical Regulatory Authority; non-governmental expert(s) in the field of digital society development is in charge of monitoring and assessing the implementation of the plan.  
3. A steering group led by MKM and consisting of representatives of government agencies and key stakeholders will coordinate and monitor the implementation of the AI strategy. 

Sources

1. https://www.hm.ee/en/ministry/ministry/strategic-planning-2021-2035#documents
2. https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2022-04/Digi%C3%BChiskonna%20arengukava_ENG.pdf  
3. https://www.kratid.ee/_files/ugd/980182_8d0df96fd41145739dff2595e0ab3e8d.pdf  

1. The Estonian Safer Internet Centre (SIC) is run by the Estonian Union for Child Welfare, Education and Youth Agency, Tallinn University of Technology, and the Estonian Social Insurance Board. The SIC cooperates with children and young people via the project youth panel and different events in schools, kindergartens and youth centres, as well as with various stakeholders, including governmental, public and private agencies. 
2. The Estonian Coalition for Digital Skills and Jobs gathers the Ministry of Education and Research, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, the Information Technology Foundation for Education, Swedbank, as well as e-service providers and IT-training companies. The main projects involve trainings in digital skills to citizens and certain sectors. 
3. ProgeTiiger (Programming Tiger) is initiated by the Estonian Education and Youth Board, and it aims to enhance digital competencies among students by integrating programming, robotics, and technology studies into the education system. It provides resources, training, and support to teachers and schools for implementing technology and programming education from early childhood education onwards. 

Sources

1. https://www.targaltinternetis.ee/  
2. https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=55802  
3. https://progetiiger.ee/

1. The Safer internet day refers to the EU initiative Better Internet for Kids 
2. The Coalition for Digital Skills and Jobs is related to the EU Coalition for Digital Skills and Jobs 
3. According to the national authorities responding to the online survey, partnerships and private or non-profit initiatives refer to European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu) as the frame to activities done in this field. 

Sources

1. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/national-coalitions 

1. Not a member of DCE promoters network 
2. Active governmental member in Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 
3. Member of EU Media literacy expert group 
4. Member of Working Group on Digital Education: Learning, Teaching and Assessment (DELTA) 
5. Member of Global Education Network (GENE) 
6. Member of Commission Expert group on Safer Internet for Children. 
7. Member of BECID – Baltic Engagement Centre for Combating Information Disorders 
8. Member of the OECD’ and its work in the field of education (Group of National Experts on Schools Resources). 
9. Member of Commission Working group on Schools 

Sources

1. https://edmo.eu/about-us/edmo-hubs/  
2. Online survey with national authorities 

Training on DCE to teachers and other professionals:
No response received in the online survey with national authorities. 

Translation and dissemination of DCE Recommendation:
No response received in the online survey with national authorities.